H2S Removal
www.H2Sremoval.com

H2S Removal and Natural Gas Engineering, 
New & Used Equipment Sales and Services

What is H2S Removal?

H2S, or Hydrogen Sulfide, is a hazardous and corrosive element found in oil and natural gas which needs to be removed from the hydrocarbon before the oil or natural gas can be sold.  The hydrogen sulfides are usually removed in a natural gas treating (gas processing) facility by either iron sponges or amine plants. This process is also referred to as "gas sweetening."

H2S removal is required to meet "pipeline quality gas" standards, which are typically no more than 0.25 grains of H2S.

We Buy, Sell and Market Natural Gas Treating Equipment
and Provide Natural Gas Engineering Services

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About us:

We provide midstream oil and gas and upstream oil and gas engineering, project development and new and used equipment services including;

• Amine Plants

• Biodiesel Plants

• Clean Power Generation

• Cogeneration

• Concentrated Solar Power

• Concentrating Solar Power

• Desiccant Dehydration

• EcoGeneration

• Engineering Feasibility

• Feasibility Studies 

• Economic Feasibility Analysis

• Emissions Abatement 

• Emissions Engineering

• Engineering Procurement Construction - EPC

• Enhanced Oil Recovery

• Front End Engineering

• Front End Engineering Design - FEED

• Front End Loading

• Gas Compression

• Gas Compressors

• Gas Compressor Rentals

• Gas Compressor Sales

• Gas Gathering

• Gas Sweetening

• Glycol Dehydration

• Glycol Dehydrators

• Greenhouse Gas Emissions consulting

• Greenhouse Gas Reporting

• High Concentration PV

• High Voltage Direct Current

• Liquefied Natural Gas

• Liquefied Petroleum Gas

• Midstream Oil and Gas

• Natural Gas Liquids

• Natural Gas Storage

• Natural Gas Treating

• NGL Fractionation

• Pollution Free Power

• Project Development

• Project Management

• Project Finance/Funding introduction to potential investors

• Salt Dome Storage

• Stranded Gas

• Upstream Oil and Gas

• Trigeneration

• Vapor Recovery Units

• Waste Heat Recovery

and other Midstream Oil and Gas and Upstream Oil and Gas engineering, project development and new and used equipment sales and services, some with our partner companies.

Our work is performed on a strict adherence to "vendor-neutrality" and seek to maximize our client's "triple bottom line" returns:  people, planet and profits.

To receive a preliminary, no obligation consult, email us a summary or overview of your project to: 

info@H2Sremoval.com

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What is an Amine Plant?

Amine plants are used for "gas sweetening" in the midstream oil and gas sector known as "gas processing." Amine plants provide H2S removal as well as CO2 removal from natural gas and liquid hydrocarbons. The process involves both absorption and chemical reactions. 

We provide amine plant sales and natural gas processing and engineering services.

What is Amine?

Amine, is the shortened form of " Mono Ethanol Amine" or MEA.  MEA removes H2S or acid gases through a chemical reaction with hydrogen sulfide or carbon dioxide which forms a salt compound (see Gas Sweetening diagram below). 

When the MEA has absorbed the H2S ( and carbon dioxide) it is referred to as " rich" MEA. 

When the acid gases have been removed from the mono ethanol amine it's called lean MEA.

What is a "cryogenic plant"?

A cryogenic plant is another term for a "gas processing plant." Gas processing plants produce natural gas liquids products, including ethane, at very low or "cryogenic" operating temperatures.

What are Gas Compressors?

Gas compressors are mechanical devices that increase the pressure of a gas by reducing its volume. Gas compressors are responsible for moving the natural gas from the oil or natural gas production well to homes and businesses via natural gas pipelines and gas compression stations.

Gas compression also increases the temperature of the gas during compression.

What is Gas Processing?

Natural Gas Processing plants separate the various hydrocarbons and natural gas liquids from the pure natural gas (methane or CH4) to produce what is known as 'pipeline quality'  natural gas. Natural gas pipeline companies have requirements on natural gas they buy from producers which is why the natural gas processing plants are located where they are, and why they separate the ethane, propane, butane, and pentanes from the methane.  Natural gas liquids or NGLs include ethane, propane, butane, iso-butane, and natural gasoline.

What is Gas Sweetening?

Sulfur exists in natural gas and is known as hydrogen sulfide (H2S).  Natural gas is usually considered "sour" if hydrogen sulfides content exceeds 5.7 milligrams of H2S per cubic meter of natural gas. The process hydrogen sulfide removal from sour gas is commonly referred to as "gas sweetening."

The primary process for sweetening sour natural gas is quite similar to the processes of glycol dehydration and NGL absorption. In this case, however, amine solutions are used to remove the hydrogen sulfide. This process is known simply as the 'amine process', or alternatively as the Girdler process, and is used in 95 percent of U.S. gas sweetening operations. The sour gas is run through a tower, which contains the amine solution. This solution has an affinity for sulfur, and absorbs it much like glycol absorbing water. There are two principle amine solutions used, monoethanolamine (MEA) and diethanolamine (DEA). Either of these compounds, in liquid form, will absorb sulfur compounds from natural gas as it passes through. The effluent gas is virtually free of sulfur compounds, and thus loses its sour gas status. Like the process for NGL extraction and glycol dehydration, the amine solution used can be regenerated (that is, the absorbed sulfur is removed), allowing it to be reused to treat more sour gas.

Although most sour gas sweetening involves the amine absorption process, it is also possible to use solid desiccants like iron sponges to remove the sulfide and carbon dioxide.

Sulfur can be sold and used if reduced to its elemental form. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow powder like material, and can often be seen in large piles near gas treatment plants, as is shown. In order to recover elemental sulfur from the gas processing plant, the sulfur containing discharge from a gas sweetening process must be further treated. The process used to recover sulfur is known as the Claus process, and involves using thermal and catalytic reactions to extract the elemental sulfur from the hydrogen sulfide solution. 

Some of the above information from www.NaturalGas.org with our thanks.

What is Glycol Dehydration?

Glycol dehydration is used in the production and processing of natural gas by using a liquid desiccant that removes water from natural gas and natural gas liquids (NGL). 

Various types of glycols are used in this process including;

• triethylene glycol (TEG)

• diethylene glycol (DEG)

• ethylene glycol (MEG)

• tetraethylene glycol (TREG). 

TEG is the most commonly used glycol in the natural gas industry.

What is a Heater Treater?

A "Heater Treater" is used in the oil and gas production process and is used to removes water and gas from the produced oil - and to improve its quality for sale into a crude oil pipeline or for other transport. A heater treater typically combines the following components inside the heater treater:  a heater, free-water knockout, and oil and gas separator.

We provide gas gathering, gas compressors, and other E&P services.

We are presently acquiring "midstream" energy plants and operations such as natural gas and natural gas liquids - along with the plant assets that treat natural gas - are found between exploration and production of oil and natural gas and the delivery to commercial, residential and industrial customers. Midstream energy assets include over 1 million miles of natural gas pipelines and 500 natural gas processing plants.

What is Natural Gas Treating?

As natural gas is produced from either a natural gas well, or from an oilwell which contains "associated gas," the natural gas must be treated or processed before it can be used at a home or business as a fuel.

Natural gas treating or processing, takes place at gas processing plants to remove the impurities and other hydrocarbons other than the methane itself, or CH4. 

The by-products and impurities of natural gas that must be treated or processed include; ethane, propane, butane, isobutane, pentane, isopentane and higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, as well as H2S or elemental sulfur, carbon dioxide (CO2), water vapor and sometimes helium and nitrogen.

What is "NGL Fractionation"?

Natural gas liquids (NGL) fractionation plants separate the mixed natural gas liquids stream into separated products. These natural gas liquids that are separated by heat at NGL Fractionation plants include; ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane and natural gasoline.

What is "Pipeline Quality Gas"?

"Pipeline Quality Gas," is the purified and processed form of natural gas (CH4, natural gas or methane) that has had impurities, natural gas liquids and contaminants such as H2S (hydrogen sulfide) removed to meet "pipeline quality" requirements.  This makes the natural gas useable to residential, commercial and industrial customers. 

Pipeline Quality Gas is also used in the biogas and biomethane industry.  In this case, "raw" biogas that is produced from Anaerobic Digesters and Landfill Gas To Energy projects cannot be sold to natural gas pipelines or used in internal combustion engines due to the high number of contaminants, impurities and other chemicals in the biogas.

Raw biogas, in order to become Biomethane or Pipeline Quality Gas, must for from "Biogas to Biomethane" wherein the impurities and contaminants of the biogas are removed. This process of biogas purification to biomethane is also called "Gas Sweetening." The impurities and contaminants of biogas that need to be removed to then have Biomethane or Pipeline Quality Gas include; carbon dioxide (CO2), water, hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and Siloxane. Some of the Biogas to Biomethane technologies include; iron sponge, water scrubbing, membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and mixing with higher quality gases.

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“spending hundreds and hundreds and hundreds of billions of dollars every year for oil, much of it from the Middle East, is just about the single stupidest thing that modern society could possibly do.  It’s very difficult to think of anything more idiotic than that.”

- R. James Woolsey, Jr., former Director of the CIA

 

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